Together with Prof. Edgar Acosta and Prof. Steven Abbott, VLCI promotes HLD for a wide range of applications.
Surfactants are widely used in the Formulation Industry, and selecting the right surfactant for a specific system can be very time-consuming. The HLD-NAC (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Difference – Net Average Curvature) theory has been developed by world-known experts to make surfactant selection easier for formulators. Contrary to HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) theory, the HLD-NAC approach is widely applicable to both anionic and non-ionic surfactants. It allows profound predictions to be made about the type of emulsion (o/w, w/o, micro-emulsion) and the suitability and efficiency of a surfactant for defined formulations. Phenomena such as phase inversion temperature can also be understood via HLD-NAC.
The predictions are based on the HLD equation:
HLD = f(S) – k.EACN – α.ΔT + Cc + f(A)
At its heart are two numbers: the Cc (Characteristic curvature) of the surfactant and the EACN (Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number) of the oil. Surfactant behaviour is also dependent on the salinity (S), the temperature (T), the co-solvent/co-surfactant influence (A) and constants related to the surfactant (k and α).

VLCI offers a practical method to determine HLD parameters via standard scan techniques, which systematically vary oil, surfactant and salt concentrations. High Throughput workflows are ideally suited to conduct these scans efficiently and reliably. Visual assessments are compiled in order to build ternary diagrams and/or fish diagrams, for combinations of oils and surfactants.
VLCI and Big Chemistry have a strategic partnership on the developed self-driving lab (SDL) for HSP and HLD determinations! At first, VLCI has one of those SDLs in house, which will be further jointly developed to accelerate HLD determinations of commercial surfactants and oils, used for your emulsion developments! This robotic platform leads to a rapid increase of the world’s largest shared HLD database of commercial ingredients in PrediMulsion (www.prediapps.com), ready to instantly formulate your emulsions. That’s how VLCI and Big Chemistry jointly make science-based formulation available via the biggest initiative in the world on HLD data-driven guidance of emulsion formulation! Reach out if you are interested to see a demo of PrediMulsion, get your surfactants/oils screened and make a jump start into rationalizing and accelerating emulsion developments.
Strategic collaboration with Big Chemistry
From Triphasic Systems to Single Phase Emulsions via HLD-NAC
Efficient Approach for Bio-based Replacement of Monomers
Efficient Selection of Bio-Based Surfactants for Emulsion Polymerization
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VLCI offers HLD expertise combined with High Throughput capabilities to deliver fast, practical and accurate results.